{"id":3009,"date":"2014-10-14T09:45:53","date_gmt":"2014-10-14T06:45:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zamancom.com\/?p=3009"},"modified":"2014-10-14T09:47:45","modified_gmt":"2014-10-14T06:47:45","slug":"%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%82%d8%b1-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zamancom.com\/?p=3009","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/a>
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\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d” \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: “\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0634\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f”.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627: “\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a”\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621”\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646: “\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 “\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u064a”\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647”.<\/p>\n

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\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0641\u0644 “\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0627\u064b” \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0647”\u061f<\/b><\/p>\n

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\"\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/a>
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\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0630\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 <\/b><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 “\u0639\u064a\u0645\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u061f \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b\u061f<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0628\u00a0 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646: “\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629”[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 “\u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d” \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645”\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062d\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0621” \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0641 “\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0634\u0641 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 -\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629- \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621”[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0624\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0634 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0648\u064d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b (\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0631\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

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\"\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629<\/a>
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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 <\/b><\/p>\n

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\u064a\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u064f\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u064b \u062c\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0646: “\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628” \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 “\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u062a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644: “\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0629”.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 10 \u0623\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645 1940 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 20 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1940 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644 60 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0641\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1952 \u0625\u0644\u0649 108 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0628 1967 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 320 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0641\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 1979 \u0625\u0644\u0649 632 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b.[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u062f. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 “\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u064a\u0634\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0635\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629.[20]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a “\u062a\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0644\u064e\u062a” \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 “\u0639\u064a\u0645\u0629”\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0631\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629”\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 “\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0626\u062c\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644: “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b”[21]<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629” \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0652\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1989\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629” \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: <\/b><\/p>\n

1-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646 (1996) \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0647 (\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0627\u0646) \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637.<\/p>\n

2-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a (1985)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

3-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0633\u0645\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 (1996)\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0647 (\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0627\u0646): \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637.<\/p>\n

4-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f (1997)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0626\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n

5-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 (1994)\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629: \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

6-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a (1998)\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0645.<\/p>\n

7- Cohen, Abner (1957) (ed), Urban Ethnicity, Travistock, London<\/p>\n

8- Grillo, R. D. (1975) Ethnic Identity and Social Stratification (in) Urban Ethnicity, Travistock, London<\/p>\n

9- Mangine William (1980), Squatter Settlment (in): Urban Place and Process, Macmillan pub. New York<\/p>\n

10- Mayer Philip (1980), Migrancy and the Study of Africans in Town (in) Urban Place and Process, Macmillan pub. New York.<\/p>\n

11- Press, Erwin and Smith, Estellie (1980) The Development of Anthrpopological Approaches to the City (in) Urban Place and Process, Macmillan pub. New York.<\/p>\n

12- Al Razzaz, Omar (1996), Land Conflict, Property Rights and Urbanization East Amman (in) AmmanCity and Society, CERMOC<\/p>\n

13- Seteny Shami (1996), Researching the City (in) AmmanCity and Society, CERMOC<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
\n
\n

[1]<\/a> \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[2]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0633\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0641\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0647.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[3]<\/a> (\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c 1994: 250-251)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[4]<\/a> (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0627\u060c 1985: 131).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[5]<\/a> \u062e\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0634: \u062e\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0634.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[6]<\/a> \u062e\u064f\u0634\u0629: \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0641.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[7]<\/a> \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c 1994: 253<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[8]<\/a> Shami, 1996<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[9]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c 1996: 86<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[10]<\/a> Press and Smith, 1980: 5 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c 1998: 258 \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[11]<\/a> Cohen, 1974<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[12]<\/a> Shami, 1996: 43<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[13]<\/a> \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c 1994: 254<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[14]<\/a> Grillo,1975: 168<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[15]<\/a> Mangine, 1980: 376<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[16]<\/a> Mangine, 1980: 368<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[17]<\/a> Shami. 1996: 38<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[18]<\/a> Al Razzaz, 1996: 520<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[19]<\/a> \u0633\u0645\u062d\u0629\u060c 1996: 204<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[20]<\/a> Mayer, 1980: 223<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[21]<\/a> \u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c 1997: 48<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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